Wisdom of Solomon

Although this book of the Bible was called The Wisdom of Solomon, it was probably written around the first century B.C. and was in Greek. It was not uncommon in those days to attribute a book to a famous person to give it credibility. It would have to be in the same vein as words written by the famous person, such as laws of Moses or Psalms of David. Even today we have books attached to famous names written by others.

Be that as it may, the Wisdom of Solomon provides much wisdom and advice on how we should live as wise men and not fools. Here is Wisdom 1:1-11.

Love righteousness, you rulers of the earth, think of the Lord with uprightness, and seek him with sincerity of heart; because he is found by those who do not put him to the test, and manifests himself to those who do not distrust him. For perverse thoughts separate men from God, and when his power is tested, it convicts the foolish; because wisdom will not enter a deceitful soul, nor dwell in a body enslaved to sin. For a holy and disciplined spirit will flee from deceit, and will rise and depart from foolish thoughts, and will be ashamed at the approach of unrighteousness.

For wisdom is a kindly spirit and will not free a blasphemer from the guilt of his words; because God is witness of his inmost feelings, and a true observer of his heart, and a hearer of his tongue. Because the Spirit of the Lord has filled the world, and that which holds all things together knows what is said; therefore no one who utters unrighteous things will escape notice, and justice, when it punishes, will not pass him by. For inquiry will be made into the counsels of an ungodly man, and a report of his words will come to the Lord, to convict him of his lawless deeds; because a jealous ear hears all things, and the sound of murmurings does not go unheard. Beware then of useless murmuring, and keep your tongue from slander; because no secret word is without result, and a lying mouth destroys the soul.

If you should move on to Chapter 2, you’ll come across this passage (Wisdom 2:3): “When it is extinguished, the body will turn to ashes, and the spirit will dissolve like empty air.” At this point, Jesus had not yet come into the world to reveal the existence of an afterlife and the immortality of the soul. That’s why this wisdom is so important – the soul will choose where to spend eternity, based on whether we cling to the Lord Almighty or follow the evil one.

William Shakespeare: Sonnet III

The young man that Shakespeare writes about in the sonnets is encouraged to marry and have children. Seeing himself in the mirror, he sees his mother in himself, and can also imagine his own offspring. If he dies without producing children, his line ends and he is forgotten. 

Sonnet III

Look in thy glass, and tell the face thou viewest

Now is the time that face should form another;

Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest,

Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.

For where is she so fair whose unear’d womb

Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry?

Or who is he so fond will be the tomb

Of his self-love, to stop posterity?

Thou art thy mother’s glass, and she in thee

Calls back the lovely April of her prime:

So thou through windows of thine age shalt see,

Despite of wrinkles, this thy golden time.

                But if thou live, remember’d not to be,

                Die single, and thine image dies with thee.

Robert Southwell

Priest and poet, missionary and martyr, Saint Robert Southwell (1561 – 1595) lived a life of obedience to Christ, no matter the cost, even unto death. Born in England, he was sent at a young age to Douai in France to be taught at the Jesuit school there. Later he trained to become a Jesuit priest and, after study and time as a novice, he graduated and was ordained a priest in 1584. In 1586 he volunteered to be a missionary priest in England. This was no triumphant homecoming because at this time it was a crime to have become a priest and Catholics were regularly arrested as political enemies and traitors. 

He managed to avoid imprisonment until 1592, all the while writing epistles and poetry, and serving as a chaplain in the household of the first Earl of Arundel. His writings were published as small pamphlets without his name being attached to them, not being collected and published until 1596, after his death. When he was arrested, he was subject to torture by Richard Topcliffe, the Queen’s primary torturer. He spent nearly 3 years in the Tower of London until his trial in 1595. Of course, the guilty verdict was a foregone conclusion and on February 21, 1595, he was hanged, drawn and quartered. (Look up what that entails. It’s about as pleasant as a crucifixion.) Pope Paul VI canonized him on October 25, 1970, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

All of his writings were on religious themes, two of his most famous works being Saint Peter’s Complaint and Mary Magdalen’s Funeral Tears. Although a young man when he died, he nevertheless influenced contemporaries such as Shakespeare and later poets John Donne and Gerard Manley Hopkins. This shorter poem A Short Rule of Good Life is described on the website poetryfoundation.org as “a small handbook for the layman who wishes to live a devout life.” Don’t let the spelling confuse you. It might be easier to read out loud, listening to the words. If a “u” seems inappropriate, try substituting a “v”: “prevent” for “preuent.”

If Vertue be thy guide,

True comfort is thy path,

And thou secure from erring steps,

That leade to vengeance’ wrath.

Not widest open doore,

Nor spacious ways she goes;

To straight and narrow gate and way,

She cals, she leads, she shewes.

She cals, the fewest come:

She leades, the humble sprited;

She shews them rest at race’s end,

Soule’s rest to heauen inuited.

‘Tis she that offers most;

‘Tis she that most refuse;

‘Tis she preuents the broad-way plagues,

Which most do wilfull chuse;

Doe choose the wide, the broad,

The left-hand way and gate;

These Vice applauds, these Vertue loaths

And teacheth hers to hate.

Her waies are pleasant waies,

Vpon the right-hand side;

And heauenly-happy is that soule

Takes Vertue for her guide.

Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum

Just down the street from the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston is a little gem called the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. In addition to the fine works of John Singer Sargent (that we looked at on Monday), there are paintings, sculptures, drawings, furniture, and tapestries from around the world and spanning several centuries. The collector of these fine things was Isabella Stewart Gardner, some on her trips with her husband Jack and some through art dealers. She needed a place to display these works and so built her house and museum. She designed it and oversaw every step of its construction. She knew where each piece would go and stipulated in her will that nothing could be sold or removed from its original place. She also left an endowment that would ensure that the museum become a place “for the education and enjoyment of the public forever.”

As much as what is there, the museum is known for what isn’t. On March 18, 1990, the museum was broken into and artworks worth up to $500 million were stolen, including a Vermeer (The Concert), three Rembrandts, and a Degas. Several other pieces were also taken. They have never been found and no one has ever been convicted. The empty frames still hang in the gallery. (A terrific book about the theft is The Gardner Heist: The True Story of the World’s Largest Unsolved Art Theft by Ulrich Boser.)

The museum itself is worth seeing. The layout and how Mrs. Gardner displayed her collection are as fascinating as is what is in the collection. Take a look at the museum layout. (The new wing was not completed until 5 years after my visit.)

Here are a few selections from different periods of artwork that is in the museum, as well as one of the Rembrandts that was stolen. 

Fra Angelico: The Dormition and Assumption of the Virgin, 1424 - 1434

Albrecht Durer: A Man in a Fur Coat, 1521

Rembrandt: Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee, 1633

James McNeill Whistler: Street at Saverne, 1858

Ash Wednesday

Today is Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent. We go to Church, get ashes on our forehead and then give up chocolate for forty days and we’re good to go until Easter when it’s time to eat the ears off the bunny.

If that’s all we’re doing, we are doing ourselves a great disservice. All the physical aspects of sacrifice, such as fasting, abstaining from meat, or giving up some food that we especially like are all good things, as far as they go. They help to remind us that we need to distance ourselves from the things of earth, and gird our loins, as it were, to face the wickedness and snares of the devil. We offer our sacrifices to God, and that’s a good thing too. What he wants most from us is our love, but what does it mean specifically?

Seeking His will, doing His will, our obedience, our dying to the world and living in Him, loving our neighbor – these are all manifestations of love. It’s not enough to say you’ve given your life to Christ; there are a lot of pitfalls along the way and you could fall off the path (the parable of sower and the seeds). So what can we do this Lent to deepen our relationship with our Lord? Besides more prayer, try each day to calm your mind, to curb your tongue, and be more forgiving. Be self-aware to the point of catching yourself before you think a nasty thought or utter a harsh word. Say a short prayer instead. Spend more time reading Scripture. Make just a little more effort each day to imitate Jesus. Start the morning with a prayer to bless the whole day: “Thank you Lord for this day. Help me make of it what you will that I might offer it to you as a pleasing sacrifice.”

This isn’t easy, but it’s like any effort to form a good habit. Practice, practice, practice. Pray, pray, pray. And Lord, that I may take my own advice.

To bolster us, here is the Gospel reading for Ash Wednesday, Matthew 6: 16-21.

At that time: Jesus said to his disciples, When you fast, be not as the hypocrites, sad. For they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Amen I say to you, they have received their reward. But thou, when thou fastest anoint thy head, and wash thy face: That thou appear not to men to fast, but to thy Father who is in secret. And thy Father who seeth in secret will repay thee. Lay not up to yourselves treasures on earth: where the rust and moth consume and where thieves break through and steal. But lay up to yourselves treasures in heaven: where neither the rust nor moth doth consume, and where thieves do not break through nor steal. For where thy treasure is, there is thy heart also.

 Have a blessed and fulfilling Lent.

John Singer Sargent

John Singer Sargent (1856 – 1925) was primarily known as a portrait artist and painted many prominent people of his day. These brought him a good living and continued commissions as people saw his work and desired to have their portraits done. He was born to American parents in Italy and travelled most of Europe before ever coming to America in 1876. 

He studied in Paris with Carolus-Duran and painted his teacher’s portrait in 1879 (now at the Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, MA.)

He met Isabella Stewart Gardner in London in 1886 and painted her portrait in 1888. Although it wasn’t on display in her lifetime, it is now hanging in the Gothic Room, which was the site of Sargent’s studio when he became the first artist-in-residence in 1903 at the Gardner museum.

In 1882 Sargent painted El Jaleo, inspired by his trip to Spain in 1879. It is the centerpiece of the Spanish Cloister also at the Gardner museum. Mrs. Gardner and Sargent were close friends for nearly 40 years and she collected many of his paintings.

In 1890 he accepted a commission from the Boston Public Library to do a series of murals called the Triumph of Religion. He painted the panels in London and travelled to Boston to oversee the installation several times from 1895 to 1919. Although one of Sargent’s biographers called the project a disaster, I humbly disagree. At the time I saw it (2007) much had been done in the way of restoration and the paintings are overwhelming as you gaze around the gallery.

 

To see an overview of the gallery, click here. You can also see larger views of the work on other pages of the Boston Public Library’s Central location. In the week we were there I must have gone there at least three times. If you’re ever in Boston, visit this wonderful resource in Copley Square. (Hopefully one day soon it will be open for visitors again.)

Shakespeare's Sonnets: II

In the Introduction by Robert O. Ballou in the Avenel edition of Shakespeare’s Sonnets he says that Robert “Browning found much in them which was banal, yet in praising Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnets from the Portuguese he could think of no higher tribute than to say they were the finest since Shakespeare.”

Hmmm…I’d be thinking that over several times were I Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Either old Bob was going to be sleeping on the couch or she took the high road and assumed he changed his opinion of Shakespeare.

Browning aside, most scholars consider the sonnets to have “meditative energy and lyric melody.”

Here is Sonnet II.

When forty winters shall besiege thy brow

And dig deep trenches in thy beauty’s field,

Thy youth’s proud livery, so gazed on now,

Will be a tatter’d weed, of small worth held:

Then being ask’d where all thy beauty lies,

Where all the treasure of thy lusty days,

To say, within thine own deep-sunken eyes,

Were an all-eating shame and thriftless praise.

How much more praise deserved thy beauty’s use,

If thou couldst answer “This fair child of mine

Shall sum my count and make my old excuse,”

Proving his beauty by succession thine!

This were to be new made when thou art old,

And see thy blood warm when thou feel’st it cold.

In This House of Brede

Back in the mid-seventies I watched a tv movie called In this House of Brede. I believe I primarily watched it because I was a fan of The Avengers (no, not the superheroes) and I wanted to see Diana Rigg as someone other than Mrs. Peel. I remember liking it, but never got around to reading the book until it came up in the rotation of my book club this February. I’ll have to go back and see if I can find the movie. I’d like to compare how they dealt with the story, but I know it could never compare to the wonderful prose of the book. It will just be different.

Written by Rumer Godden (1907 – 1998) in 1969, a year after she converted to Catholicism, it covers a time period of the late 50s to just after the second Vatican council. What a huge change in the Church and in the world in just a decade.

The story centers around Philippa Talbot, who at age 42, decides she is going to give up her post in the civil service and become a Benedictine nun. She enters Brede Abbey, a fictional monastery, but based on Stanbrook Abbey in England. There she encounters diverse personalities, her past, her soul, and God. All the sisters come face to face with themselves, as seen through God’s eyes. They change in ways they never thought possible, and in ways they didn’t realize they needed to change. It was a challenging story because as you read it, you take a second look at yourself and wonder if you need some change, too. Are you approaching God the way you should? Are you listening to Him and discovering that He’s asking you to do things you never imagined. Will you do them?

In the Preface to the 2013 Virago Press edition of the book, Rumer Godden says,” ‘I wish,’ said Dame Felicitas Corrigan, ‘that someone would write a book about nuns as they really are, not as the author wants them to be.’ I thought of my novel Black Narcissus and blushed.”  That book, written in 1939, told a story about a band of outcasts and misfits, definitely not the very human women of Brede. Rumer Godden spent five years near Stanbrook, talking with the nuns there and came away with a vastly different picture. These women had strengths and talents and their share of weaknesses, but they were there for a definite reason, not because they didn’t fit in anywhere else.

Their primary purpose is prayer – prayer for those who ask their help, prayer in praise of God through the Mass and the Litany of the Hours, and prayer for themselves and their sisters. It’s a strenuous task, but aren’t we fortunate that there are people who are willing to undertake it.

Proverbs Redux

Solomon asked the Lord for wisdom and he got it. He was a righteous man and is known to this day as wise and fair. The Proverbs are ascribed to him, but scholars think that 10:1 – 22.16 and possibly 25:1 – 29:27 can be truly attributed to him.

Wisdom and fear of the Lord go hand in hand and these sayings over and over again bring home the point that no matter what rages around us, if we walk in the steps of the Lord we will ultimately triumph.

13:5-6 A righteous man hates falsehood, but a wicked man acts shamefully and disgracefully. Righteousness guards him whose way is upright, but sin overthrows the wicked.

14:11 The house of the wicked will be destroyed, but the tent of the upright will flourish.

14:32-34 The wicked is overthrown through his evil-doing, but the righteous finds refuge through his integrity. Wisdom abides in the mind of a man of understanding, but it is not known in the heart of fools. Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people.

15:2-3 The tongue of the wise dispenses knowledge, but the mouths of fools pour out folly. The eyes of the Lord are in every place, keeping watch on the evil and the good.

That last verse especially ought to give peace of soul to the wise but sound ominous and threatening to the wicked. No one can hide from the Lord God. Keep your eyes and mind and heart on Him.

Edward Hopper

In 2007 we got a chance to visit Boston. While my husband was attending his conference I got the chance to visit a number of historical sites, bookshops, and museums. I had a blast. (We did get to do some things together at night and on the weekend.)

While visiting the Boston Museum of Fine Arts I came upon something that really surprised me. I acquired an appreciation for Edward Hopper (1882-1967). There was an exhibit of his work on tour and I decided to attend. Now we all know Nighthawks. (Part of the permanent collection in the Art Institute of Chicago.)

What I didn’t know was that the rest of his work would blow me away. His use of sunlight and shadow and windows let you see things you’d never think to look at. The museum’s brochure called his work “the ordinary, made extraordinary.” Indeed, he painted very ordinary subjects such as a girl at a sewing machine, a movie theater, people eating at a Chinese restaurant (Chop Suey), and an empty room with sunlight streaming into it. Outdoors he depicted street scenes, lighthouses, a gas station, and tugboats. I became an instant fan.

His influence on other artists was far reaching. His painting House by the Railroad inspired Alfred Hitchcock (the house in Psycho) and Terrence Malick (the house in Days of Heaven).

Many poets wrote poems inspired by his paintings (including your humble servant) and there were collections of these poems gathered along with the pictures. Several documentaries have been made and shown in theaters, museums, and on television about his life and work.

Here are a few of my favorites, but if you ever get the chance to view his paintings in person, do it.

Cape Cod Evening

Compartment C Car

Office in a Small City

Sun in an Empty Room

Shakespeare's Sonnets: 1

One of the most controversial writers of all time is William Shakespeare. Did he write those plays or was it someone else? Who were those Sonnets about? Why don’t we know more about his background? Was he Catholic or Protestant? Scholars have been fighting for a few centuries over these and myriad other questions about the Bard of Avon.

Certainly the plays and sonnets were written by the same person, owing to lines and phrases showing up in both places. Although some people still argue against him, Shakespeare is considered by most scholars to have written all this beautiful poetry.

And so today we begin a survey of the 154 Sonnets. They could have been written in the last decade of the 16th century, or they could have been written all through Shakespeare’s career. Nevertheless, they were gathered and published in 1609, with or without the author’s permission. We’ll look at them one at a time. Don’t look for analysis on the meaning; greater minds than your humble servant can’t agree on what they mean. Just enjoy the poetry and ponder the mysteries of the depth of the human person.

Sonnet I

From fairest creatures we desire increase,

That thereby beauty’s rose might never die,

But as the riper should by time decease,

His tender heir might bear his memory:

But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,

Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel, 

Making a famine where abundance lies,

Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.

Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament

And only herald to the gaudy spring,

Within thine own bud buriest thy content

And, tender churl, makest waste in niggarding.

Pity the world, or else this glutton be,

To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee.

Just one note in case there is any misunderstanding: “niggarding” means being miserly.

Proverbs

Webster’s dictionary defines a proverb as a brief epigram or maxim. In the Ignatius Bible RSVCE a proverb is described as “a typical form of expression in a society that depended to a large extent on oral tradition. Each saying expressed in pithy and memorable form some important truth.” Many of these proverbs were attributed to Solomon, but all of the book was divinely inspired.

The Proverbs starts thus (1: 2-7):

That men may know wisdom and instruction, understand words of insight, receive instruction in wise dealing, righteousness, justice, and equity; that prudence may be given to the simple, knowledge and discretion to the youth – the wise man also may hear and increase in learning, and the man of understanding acquire skill, to understand a proverb and a figure, the words of the wise and their riddles.

The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge; fools despise wisdom and instruction.

The Ignatius Bible goes on to say, “The general subject of the proverbs is the art of right living… They are not simply maxims of natural wisdom but presuppose a background of revealed religion and inculcate its principles. Religion is in fact regarded as the basis of all morality.”

The Proverbs certainly deserves to be read in its entirety, but it’s also profitable to open it anywhere and read a few verses from any chapter. Be a friend to Wisdom and not to Folly.